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Brain & sleep · Compound guide
Explore the mechanisms, study findings and evidence limits behind this research topic.
Product artwork identifies the SRP listing. It does not demonstrate safety or clinical benefit. The evidence guide and its sources follow below.
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Mechanistic illustration. Interpret alongside the evidence and limitations below.
SRP research material: DSIP 10 mg vial. See the product page for current availability and batch documentation.
DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide; INN emideltide) is a synthetic nonapeptide whose classic sequence is Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (WAGGDASGE / H-WAGGDASGE-OH), first reported from rabbit cerebral-venous dialysate in 1977–1978 sleep-EEG experiments. It is not melatonin, not GHB / sodium oxybate / Xyrem, not a benzodiazepine or Z-drug, and not an orexin antagonist. Endogenous existence of the free nonapeptide, a receptor, a precursor gene, and reproducible sleep pharmacology remain debated. Historical sleep claims are not a proven human sleep drug. Research use only. Not medical advice. Not for human use.
Educational information only. This page describes an investigational laboratory research peptide. It is not medical advice. Simple Research Peptides (SRP) materials are for laboratory research only and are not for human or veterinary use, consumption, administration, diagnosis, treatment, or therapeutic application. The current SRP listing is a 10 mg research vial (SKU DSIP-10MG). Registry identity information below is not a lot-specific certificate of analysis. No human dosing, reconstitution, or administration protocol appears on this page. Historical 25–30 nmol/kg IV and 6 nmol/kg i.c.v. figures are study conditions from 1977–1987 papers, not instructions.
The compound identity below summarizes public registries and primary papers naming DSIP / delta sleep-inducing peptide / emideltide. It is not a certificate of analysis for a particular SRP lot.
One-sentence identity: DSIP (INN emideltide) is a synthetic nonapeptide whose classic sequence is Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (WAGGDASGE), first reported from rabbit cerebral-venous dialysate in 1977–1978. It is not melatonin, not GHB / sodium oxybate, not a benzodiazepine or Z-drug, and not an orexin antagonist. Endogenous existence of the free nonapeptide, a receptor, and a precursor gene remain debated. This is a defined sequence, not a tissue extract or undefined mixture.
| Identifier | Value on opened page | Source opened |
|---|---|---|
| Trade / development names | DSIP; delta sleep-inducing peptide; delta-sleep-inducing peptide; DSIP nonapeptide; emideltide (INN) | PubChem CID 68816; NCATS Inxight UNII YN28Z5YZ73; Schoenenberger & Monnier 1977 PMID 265572 |
| SRP listing name | DSIP 10 mg Sleep Research Peptide Vial | SRP product page |
| SRP listed strength / format | 10 mg research vial | Current SRP product page |
| SRP SKU | DSIP-10MG | Current SRP product page |
| SRP store / research category | Brain & Mind Research | SRP product page (store taxonomy, not a clinical indication) |
| SRP research guide | DSIP; sleep and neuroendocrine research; evidence context: Older, inconsistent evidence | SRP compound research library |
| Chemical class | Linear nonapeptide of nine coded L-amino acids; free N- and C-termini; L-alpha-aspartyl at position 5 on the opened PubChem / 1978 characterization | PubChem biologic description; Schoenenberger et al. 1978 PMID 568769 |
| Sequence (three-letter) | Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu | PNAS 1977 Table 1; Pflügers 1978 abstract; PubChem / NCATS / MeSH |
| Sequence (one-letter / HELM) | WAGGDASGE; PubChem: H-WAGGDASGE-OH; HELM PEPTIDE1{W.A.G.G.D.A.S.G.E} | PubChem CID 68816 biologic description |
| PubChem CID | 68816. Title: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide | PubChem PUG REST / PUG View / HTML, opened 16 August 2026 |
| CAS on CID 68816 | 62568-57-4 (primary); also 69431-45-4 | PubChem CID 68816; NCATS Inxight |
| Deprecated / extra CAS | Deprecated 81659-81-6 (PubChem). PUG xrefs also listed 86349-55-5. Do not collapse these as independent identities. | PubChem PUG View / xrefs |
| UNII | YN28Z5YZ73 | PubChem CID 68816; NCATS Inxight |
| Molecular formula / MW | C35H48N10O15; 848.8 g/mol. PNAS 1977 Table 1 prints MW 849. Exact / monoisotopic mass 848.33006086 | PubChem CID 68816; PNAS 1977 |
| XLogP | −7.1 | PubChem PUG property |
| InChIKey | ZRZROXNBKJAOKB-GFVHOAGBSA-N | PubChem CID 68816; NCATS |
| IUPAC (computed) | (2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]pentanedioic acid | PubChem PUG View |
| Systematic / CAS-style name | L-Glutamic acid, L-tryptophyl-L-alanylglycylglycyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-serylglycyl- | PubChem; NCATS |
| PubChem condensed sequence | H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu-OH; L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-glycyl-glycyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-seryl-glycyl-L-glutamic acid | PubChem biologic description |
| NCATS Inxight | EMIDELTIDE; Investigational; Approval Year: Unknown; originator field “Schoenenberger and Monnier” | https://drugs.ncats.io/drug/YN28Z5YZ73 |
| INN | emideltide (PubChem “Emideltide [INN]”; NCATS source line INN:emideltide) | PubChem; NCATS |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2104403. HTML also prints “Max Phase Phase 2.” That is a ChEMBL field, not a ClinicalTrials.gov record. | PubChem CID 68816 HTML |
| EPA DSSTox | DTXSID20978151 | PubChem; NCATS |
| NCI Thesaurus | C80673 | PubChem; NCATS |
| IUPHAR / GtoPdb ligand | No ligand record for DSIP, emideltide, “delta sleep,” or WAGGDASGE | IUPHAR services API, opened 16 August 2026 |
| ClinicalTrials.gov (DSIP / emideltide / “delta sleep-inducing peptide”) | 0 studies | CT.gov API v2, opened 16 August 2026 |
| openFDA Drugs@FDA / labels | No DSIP / emideltide / UNII YN28Z5YZ73 match (NOT_FOUND) | openFDA API, opened 16 August 2026 |
| FDA-approved product | None. NCATS: Investigational; Approval Year Unknown | NCATS Inxight |
What the molecule actually is. Schoenenberger & Monnier 1977 (PMID 265572; PMC 430668) name delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and print the sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (Table 1, MW 849). Schoenenberger et al. 1978 (PMID 568769) repeat that sequence from amino-acid analysis of rabbit cerebral-venous dialysate and state that synthetic DSIP was infused at 6 nmol/kg i.c.v. in rabbits — a historical rabbit-assay condition, not an instruction. PubChem CID 68816 encodes the same nonapeptide as H-Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu-OH with an L-alpha-aspartyl residue. The 1978 paper states that only the pure alpha-aspartyl peptide is highly active, in contrast to its β-Asp isomer. A research vial labeled “DSIP” is not chemically identified until that sequence (and alpha-Asp vs β-Asp) is confirmed analytically.
Registry chaos that must not be collapsed.
Compound identity and batch identity are different. A product name or catalog strength does not independently establish sequence, stereochemistry, identity or purity. Review the batch-specific analytical documentation separately from the registry information summarized here. A research-material listing is not the historical experimental or clinical lot.
This page is DSIP / emideltide only. Marketplace “sleep peptide” language is a catalog nickname, not a receptor assignment. DSIP is a nine-residue peptide with a printed sequence. It is not an indoleamine, not a four-carbon hydroxy-acid, and not a mapped GABA-A or orexin ligand.
| Identity | What opened sources actually describe | Peptide? | Typical literature role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melatonin | Endogenous ligand of MT1 (IUPHAR target 287) and MT2 (target 288). IUPHAR ligand id 224. Indoleamine, not a peptide. | No | Circadian / MT1–MT2 pharmacology. Not DSIP. |
| GHB / γ-hydroxybutyrate | IUPHAR ligand 4711; 4-hydroxybutanoic acid; MW ~104; CAS 591-81-1; approved-drug field Yes (FDA 2002 / EMA 2005); synonyms include Xyrem® (sodium oxybate). | No (small hydroxy-acid) | Approved narcolepsy chemistry in regulated products. Not DSIP. |
| Benzodiazepines / Z-drugs | GABA-A positive modulators. Not opened here as DSIP evidence. | No | Clinical hypnotics with a mapped receptor. DSIP has no IUPHAR ligand. |
| Dual orexin-receptor antagonists | OX1/OX2 antagonists. Not opened here as DSIP evidence. | No | Modern insomnia drug class. Not DSIP. |
| Pappenheimer Factor S | Sleep-promoting material from goat CSF / sheep brain; PNAS 1977 explicitly says DSIP differs in molecular weight from Factor S. | Different chemistry | Historical “sleep factor” literature. Not DSIP. |
| DSIP / emideltide (this page) | Nonapeptide WAGGDASGE; C35H48N10O15; MW ~849 | Yes (nonapeptide) | 1977–78 rabbit EEG isolation/synthesis; later small, older human IV series; endogenous identity debated |
| KND (WKGGNASGE) | Mikhaleva et al. 2013: computer-found DSIP-related nonapeptide at a JMJD1B site; authors call it a putative endogenous prototype, not DSIP | Yes (different nonapeptide) | Hypothesis paper. Not the SRP sequence. |
| N-Acetyl emideltide | NCATS UNII CL985USD2K | Modified DSIP | Different record. Not this listing. |
Melatonin is N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine acting at MT1/MT2 (IUPHAR ligand 224; targets 287 / 288). DSIP is a nine-residue peptide with no IUPHAR melatonin-receptor ligand record. Calling a research vial a “sleep peptide” does not make it melatonin.
GHB is a four-carbon hydroxy-acid (IUPHAR 4711) with approved-drug products (Xyrem® / sodium oxybate). A catalog nickname does not convert WAGGDASGE into Xyrem.
Opened IUPHAR searches found no DSIP ligand. A receptor for the nonapeptide is not established. Benzodiazepine, Z-drug, and dual orexin-antagonist papers were not opened as DSIP evidence.
Graf, Kastin & Fischman 1984 (PMID 6549071) themselves wrote that, years after isolation, “no definitive evidence has been presented for the natural existence of the free peptide,” then reported a chromatography peak of DSIP-LI matching synthetic DSIP. Fischman, Kastin & Graf 1984 (PMID 6548808) separately warned that HPLC–RIA shadowing can produce false-positive “endogenous” peaks (up to 10% carry-over with DSIP). Sillard et al. 1993 (PMID 8375381) isolated a 77-residue porcine-brain peptide (DIP) recognized by a DSIP antiserum whose sequence is not related to DSIP. Vgontzas et al. 1995 (PMID 8532601) found no significant difference in morning plasma DSIP-LI among sleep-apnea, narcolepsy, and control groups. Immunoreactivity ≠ proven endogenous WAGGDASGE.
Opened primary papers support only a historical working model. It is not a treatment claim. Observed means a measurement in an opened isolation or EEG paper. Proposed means a hypothesis or analogue observation. Class / adjacent means distinction biology (melatonin, GHB). Not shown means the opened papers did not establish it.
DSIP was isolated from extracorporeal dialysate of rabbit cerebral venous blood during hypnogenic electrical stimulation of the thalamic intralaminar area (Schoenenberger 1978 abstract; PNAS 1977 cites the Monnier humoral-transmission series). The name records an EEG readout (delta / spindle enhancement after intraventricular infusion), not a cloned target. (PMID 265572; PMID 568769.)
Synthetic DSIP vs eight analogues/fragments, 58 rabbits including controls, i.c.v. infusion, double-blind, FFT of neocortical and limbic EEG. Only the DSIP nonapeptide showed significant delta/spindle enhancement. Time-integral median increase vs controls: neocortical delta +53.9% (controls −21.3 ± 6.1%; DSIP +32.7 ± 15.4%) and limbic delta +39.3%. Effects appeared about 10 min after infusion. The paper itself calls this a restrained-rabbit, short-observation, i.c.v. experimental model with little REM interference. That is not human sleep-architecture pharmacology. (PMID 265572.)
Schoenenberger 1978: synthetic DSIP 6 nmol/kg i.c.v. in 61 rabbits including controls — a historical rabbit-assay condition, not an instruction. Mean delta activity +35% vs CSF-like solution or the other eight peptides; only the pure alpha-aspartyl peptide is highly active versus the β-Asp isomer. A catalog “DSIP” that is the isoaspartyl species would not match the active 1978 material. (PMID 568769.)
IUPHAR has no DSIP / emideltide ligand. Graf & Kastin 1986 (PMID 3550726) wrote that a possible mechanism “involving the modulation of adrenergic transmission remain[s] to be established.” Kovalzon & Strekalova 2006 (PMID 16539679) state that the DSIP gene, protein, and possible related receptor were never isolated, that the sleep-factor hypothesis is “extremely poorly documented and still weak,” and that natural occurrence and biological activity remain obscure. In their own earlier work, certain artificial DSIP analogues (but not DSIP itself) promoted SWS in rabbits and rats. That is the opposite of a completed receptor story.
The 2006 mini-review hypothesizes that DSIP-like peptide(s) — not necessarily WAGGDASGE — may account for DSIP-like immunoreactivity and some biological activity, citing hypothalamic immunoreactivity that is “not particularly relevant for sleep regulation,” a wide in-vitro activity spectrum, analogue (not DSIP) SWS activity, and a dermorphin-decapeptide with partial sequence similarity. That hypothesis is not proof of an endogenous DSIP gene. (PMID 16539679.)
Mikhaleva et al. 2013 (PMID 24397026) report computer homology to WKGGNASGE (K2,N5-DSIP) inside human lysine-specific demethylase 3B / JMJD1B and call KND a “putative endogenous prototype.” Even if that peptide exists, it is not WAGGDASGE and is not this SRP listing.
Sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (Table 1, MW 849). Only synthetic DSIP enhanced rabbit i.c.v. delta/spindles. Distinguishes MW from Factor S. PMID 265572. PMC 430668.
61 rabbits; mean delta +35%; β-Asp isomer contrasted. PMID 568769.
n typically 6–18; intravenous synthetic DSIP; no NCT. Historical study conditions, not a modern RCT and not an SRP-vial protocol.
Graf PMID 6549071: no prior definitive free-peptide evidence, then a DSIP-LI peak. Fischman PMID 6548808: up to 10% HPLC–RIA carry-over.
Sillard PMID 8375381; Vgontzas PMID 8532601.
Analogues but not DSIP itself had SWS activity in the authors’ early work. PMID 16539679.
Mikhaleva PMID 24397026. Different nonapeptide.
Not shown on an opened page: a cloned DSIP receptor; a precursor gene that is processed to WAGGDASGE; a crystal structure; human PK of an SRP vial; proof that research-market material is the alpha-Asp nonapeptide; a modern, independently replicated human sleep RCT. IUPHAR melatonin ligand 224 and GHB ligand 4711 are distinction biology, not DSIP pharmacology.
Label every row. DSIP ≠ melatonin ≠ GHB ≠ Factor S ≠ KND. Historical sleep papers are listed as what they are — small, old, and concentrated — not as a completed therapeutic program. Historical IV and i.c.v. figures below are study conditions, not instructions for using an SRP research vial, and they are not claims that research-grade material works in people.
Schoenenberger & Monnier 1977, PMID 265572, PMC 430668: synthetic Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu vs fragments/analogues; 58 rabbits; only DSIP enhanced delta/spindles; neocortical delta +53.9%. Schoenenberger 1978, PMID 568769: sequence + only the pure alpha-aspartyl peptide highly active; mean delta +35% in 61 rabbits. Rabbit i.c.v. EEG model. Not human. Not a receptor paper.
Opened human abstracts used intravenous synthetic DSIP, typically 25–30 nmol/kg as a historical trial-lot exposure, not an SRP-vial instruction. n = 1 to 18. First human application PMID 6895513 (n=6 volunteers). Insomnia series PMID 7028502, PMID 6689058, PMID 3792404, PMID 3622582, PMID 3758119; n=1 delayed-sleep-phase PMID 3582201; n=7 pain pilot PMID 6548970. No NCT. Not a modern independent RCT.
Graf PMID 6549071: authors open by saying no definitive free-peptide evidence, then report DSIP-LI. Fischman PMID 6548808: up to 10% HPLC shadowing. Sillard PMID 8375381: 77-aa DIP, sequence not related to DSIP. Vgontzas PMID 8532601: no significant plasma DSIP-LI differences. Kovalzon PMID 16539679: gene, protein, receptor never isolated; natural occurrence obscure.
CT.gov API v2 queries DSIP, emideltide, "delta sleep-inducing peptide", "delta sleep inducing peptide", and query.intr=DSIP each returned {"studies":[]}. openFDA: NOT_FOUND. NCATS: Investigational; Approval Year Unknown. ChEMBL “Phase 2” is a field, not an NCT.
Melatonin = IUPHAR 224 / MT1 287 / MT2 288. GHB = ligand 4711 (Xyrem chemistry). Factor S differs in MW (PNAS 1977). KND = WKGGNASGE (PMID 24397026). N-acetyl emideltide = UNII CL985USD2K. Graf reviews PMID 6145137 and PMID 3550726 are secondary. Unused (opened, no abstract): PMID 11437870, PMID 862769, PMID 560681.
The current SRP listing is DSIP 10 mg Sleep Research Peptide Vial, SKU DSIP-10MG, supplied for laboratory research only. General registry information does not verify the identity or purity of a supplied lot. See the current product page and review the relevant batch documentation.
Read the “what it did not show” column. Published study designs are historical facts from those papers. They are not a protocol. Human IV figures (typically 25–30 nmol/kg) and the 1978 rabbit i.c.v. 6 nmol/kg condition are study conditions, not instructions for an SRP research vial.
| Study | Species / model | What was tested | Actual finding (from the opened record) | What it did not show |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schoenenberger & Monnier, 1977 PMID 265572. PMC 430668. DOI 10.1073/pnas.74.3.1282. Opened full PDF via Europe PMC. |
Restrained rabbits, i.c.v. infusion; 58 animals including controls; double-blind; Univac 1108 FFT of neocortical and limbic EEG | Synthetic Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (Table 1, MW 849) vs 5 fragments, 2 exchanged nonapeptide analogues, and tripeptide Trp-Ser-Glu | Defines the name and sequence. Only synthetic DSIP enhanced delta (2–4 Hz) and spindle (12–14 Hz) bands; analogues/fragments did not. Neocortical delta time-integral +53.9% vs controls; limbic +39.3%. Authors distinguish DSIP MW from Pappenheimer Factor S and Uchizono rat-brain sleep material. Rabbit i.c.v. EEG model. | Human data. A receptor. Proof that an SRP vial is the 1977 Basel lot. Oral or subcutaneous sleep architecture. Endogenous human WAGGDASGE. |
| Schoenenberger, Maier, Tobler, Wilson, Monnier, 1978 PMID 568769. DOI 10.1007/bf00581575. Opened abstract. |
Isolation from extracorporeal dialysate of rabbit cerebral venous blood after hypnogenic thalamic stimulation; then 61 rabbits including controls, i.c.v. 6 nmol/kg in 0.05 ml CSF-like solution over 3.5 min, double-blind | Sequence determination + synthetic DSIP vs 8 related peptides | Sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu. Synthetic DSIP: mean delta +35% in neocortex and limbic cortex vs CSF or the other peptides. Only the pure alpha-aspartyl peptide highly active vs β-Asp isomer. Rabbit. Abstract only for activity numbers. | Human data. A public COA or alpha-Asp confirmation for a research-market vial. A cloned receptor. Full-text activity tables (abstract only). |
These abstracts report what the authors claimed. They are not modern, independently replicated efficacy trials and they are not ClinicalTrials.gov records. All used intravenous synthetic DSIP, typically 25–30 nmol/kg. That is historical trial-lot exposure, not an SRP-vial instruction.
| Study | Species / model | What was tested | Actual finding (from the opened record) | What it did not show |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schneider-Helmert, Gnirss, Monnier, Schenker, Schoenenberger, 1981 PMID 6895513 |
6 healthy volunteers (4 M / 2 F); double-blind crossover | Slow IV synthetic DSIP 25 nmol/kg in the morning (historical study condition) | First human application on the opened record. Subjects reported sleep pressure; total sleep time +59% (median) in a 130-min post-treatment interval vs placebo. Delayed night-sleep: shorter sleep onset, less stage 1, better efficiency. Authors say EEG/behavior did not show classic pharmacologic sedation. n = 6. Not a disease trial. | A disease indication. An NCT. Independent replication. Equivalence to an SRP research vial. A receptor. |
| Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, 1981 PMID 7028502. DOI 10.1007/bf01971753 |
6 middle-aged chronic insomniacs | Acute IV synthetic DSIP 25 nmol/kg (historical study condition) | Longer sleep, fewer interruptions, slightly more REM; no daytime sedation. Sleep-promoting effect only in the second hour; first hour “slight arousing effect.” Lasted up to 6 h of night sleep. n = 6. | Modern RCT design. Independent site. Comparison to an approved hypnotic on a current label. Vial-to-brain PK for research-market material. |
| Schneider-Helmert & Schoenenberger, 1983 PMID 6689058. DOI 10.1159/000117964 |
Summary of five human studies; single and repeated IV DSIP; double-blind; psychophysiologic tests + polygraphy | IV DSIP (slow injection “proved essential”) | Authors report ~1 h latency of sleep induction, duration up to 20 h; “complete normalization” of disturbed sleep after four consecutive injections in insomniacs; higher daytime alertness/performance. Compatibility described as good. Pooled narrative from the same group; not a large RCT. | A registered trial. Independent confirmation. Proof that “complete normalization” is a modern efficacy endpoint. |
| Schneider-Helmert, 1986 PMID 3792404. DOI 10.1159/000116050 |
18 chronic psychophysiological insomniacs; middle-aged (29–59) vs older (60–83) | One week DSIP 6 × 30 nmol/kg IV; follow-up week (historical study condition) | Middle-aged: sleep to “normal values” by end of administration, maintained at follow-up. Elderly: larger immediate effect but “full normalization” only at end of follow-up. Authors correlate effect with severity of disturbance. Sleep-lab study; no NCT; same investigator. | An NCT. Multi-center independent replication. FDA-label comparison. Research-vial identity. |
| Schneider-Helmert, 1987 PMID 3622582. DOI 10.1159/000116143 |
14 middle-aged chronic insomniacs; placebo-controlled, double-blind, 7 nights | Intermediate-term IV DSIP; polysomnograms at baseline, start, end, and one post-treatment placebo night | Authors report improved night sleep with first and repeated doses, maintained on first post-treatment placebo night; daytime alertness/performance increased. Efficiency said to reach “levels of normal controls.” n = 14. Not independently replicated on an opened modern trial. | Modern independent RCT. ClinicalTrials.gov registration. Proof of a receptor. |
| Schneider-Helmert, 1986 PMID 3758119. DOI 10.1159/000116097 |
Short summary of double-blind insomniac studies plus a narcolepsy single case | DSIP injections | Thin abstract: effects on night sleep and waking; single-case narcolepsy. Does not add independent n. | Independent n. A narcolepsy program. An NCT. |
| Schneider-Helmert, Hermann, Schoenenberger, 1987 PMID 3582201. DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1068167 |
One 47-year-old woman; delayed-sleep-phase insomnia + low-dose benzodiazepine dependence; inpatient, polygraphic | Intensive-care DSIP for one week | Authors report advancing main sleep phase by 5 hours, abrupt flunitrazepam withdrawal, “normal” sleep profile; actographic control in an after-treatment week said the change was maintained. n = 1. Not a withdrawal-drug approval study. | A withdrawal-drug approval. n > 1. An NCT. Equivalence to research-market material. |
| Larbig, Gerber, Kluck, Schoenenberger, 1984 PMID 6548970. DOI 10.1159/000115716 |
7 patients (migraine / vasomotor headache, chronic tinnitus, psychogenic pain) | IV DSIP on 5 consecutive days then 5 injections every 48–72 h (historical study condition) | Authors: pain lowered in 6 of 7; simultaneous reduction of “depressive states.” Pilot. n = 7. Not a pain-drug trial. | A pain-drug trial. Sleep-architecture primary endpoint. Independent modern replication. |
| Record | What it is | What the opened page showed | What it did not show | How this page treats it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graf, Kastin & Fischman, 1984, PMID 6549071 | Claimed free DSIP in plasma / CSF / urine by gel filtration + HPLC + RIA | Authors open by saying no definitive evidence had been presented for natural free peptide; then report a DSIP-LI peak co-eluting with synthetic DSIP in rabbit, human, rat, and dog plasma, and in human CSF; urine mostly a phosphorylated-analogue position | A cloned gene. Sequence-level proof that the peak is WAGGDASGE. Immunity to HPLC artifacts. | Not genomic proof. Chromatography + RIA of “DSIP-LI.” |
| Fischman, Kastin & Graf, 1984, PMID 6548808 | Method paper on HPLC–RIA artifacts | DSIP shadowing (standard carry-over) as high as 10% (1% with 125I-Tyr-DSIP). False-positive “endogenous” peaks. | A clean endogenous identification method that erases the 6549071-style claim. | Directly limits the 6549071-style identification. |
| Sillard et al., 1993, PMID 8375381 | Isolation of a 77-residue porcine-brain peptide (DIP) recognized by anti-DSIP serum | Sequence not related to DSIP; leucine-zipper; acetylated N-terminus; homology to a TGF-β-induced protein / baculoviral p10 | That DIP is WAGGDASGE. That antiserum is sequence-specific for DSIP. | Shows DSIP antiserum can bind a different protein. Immunoreactivity ≠ WAGGDASGE. |
| Vgontzas et al., 1995, PMID 8532601 | Morning plasma DSIP-LI in sleep apnea (n=9), narcolepsy (n=10), controls (n=11); second cohort apnea vs controls | No significant differences. Trend toward lower DSIP-LI in narcolepsy, especially unmedicated. Authors: single plasma DSIP measures do not appear to be a disease-activity marker in sleep apnea. | Proven circulating WAGGDASGE. A useful sleep-disorder biomarker. | Negative/null human biomarker study. Measures LI, not proven sequence. |
| Kovalzon & Strekalova, 2006, PMID 16539679. DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03693.x. Abstract-based summary. | Mini-review: “DSIP: a still unresolved riddle” | Isolated 1977; sleep link never further characterized; gene, protein, receptor never isolated; sleep-factor hypothesis “extremely poorly documented and still weak”; natural occurrence and biological activity “still remain obscure”; unique structure; hypothesis of DSIP-like peptide(s); analogues but not DSIP itself had SWS activity in the authors’ rabbit/rat work | A completed receptor. Proof that WAGGDASGE is a human hormone. Repair of the 1980s IV series. | Primary framing source for the endogenous/mechanism debate. |
| Mikhaleva et al., 2013, PMID 24397026 | Russian-language paper on peptide KND (WKGGNASGE) | Computer hit in JMJD1B; authors say KND showed similar or stronger antioxidant / anticonvulsive / behavioral effects than DSIP and may be a “possible endogenous prototype of ‘real’ DSIP” | That KND is WAGGDASGE. That the SRP listing is KND. | Different sequence. Does not establish WAGGDASGE as endogenous. |
Adjacent records opened for distinction or logged unused. Graf & Kastin 1984 review (PMID 6145137): early secondary review (MW 849; extra-sleep claims are a catalog of reports, not a receptor). Graf & Kastin 1986 update (PMID 3550726): mechanism “remain to be established.” Pollard & Pomfrett 2001 (PMID 11437870): NCATS cites it; no abstract on the opened Europe PMC page; unused as findings. Monnier et al. 1977 (PMID 862769): isolation-series title; no abstract; unused beyond bibliographic identity. Schoenenberger et al. 1977 (PMID 560681): Pflügers isolation paper X; no abstract; unused beyond bibliographic identity. IUPHAR MT1 287 / melatonin ligand 224 / GHB ligand 4711: distinction table, not DSIP pharmacology.
No ClinicalTrials.gov studies. API v2 queries each returned {"studies":[]}. 1980s IV series were not registered on the opened CT.gov record.
These are gaps in the opened record. Treating any of them as settled is incorrect. Highlight: 0 NCT; Kovalzon riddle; no receptor; small 1980s IV series; alpha-Asp unknown on the SRP vial.
| Popular claim | Status after this review |
|---|---|
| “DSIP is the body’s natural sleep peptide / proven endogenous hormone” | Not established. Isolated from rabbit dialysate; gene/receptor never isolated on the opened Kovalzon review; immunoreactivity is chemically ambiguous. |
| “It is melatonin / a melatonin analogue / the peptide version of melatonin” | False identity. Melatonin is an indoleamine at MT1/MT2 (IUPHAR 224 / 287 / 288). |
| “It is GHB / Xyrem / sodium oxybate in peptide form” | False. GHB is 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (IUPHAR 4711), an approved small molecule. |
| “Human trials proved it is an insomnia drug” | Unsupported. Small 1980s IV series from one network; 0 NCTs; no modern independent RCT on the opened record. |
| “It has a known receptor” | False on opened IUPHAR. Unknown. |
| “DSIP-like immunoreactivity in blood means the nonapeptide is circulating” | Not established. HPLC shadowing and a 77-aa cross-reactive protein are opened counterexamples. |
| “KND / WKGGNASGE is the same as DSIP” | False. Different sequence. |
| Research vial = 1977 Basel isolation lot or a clinical IV ampoule | Not established. A catalog listing does not demonstrate equivalence to the historical experimental or clinical material. |
| Rabbit delta-EEG increase = human slow-wave sleep drug | False. Preclinical EEG model ≠ approved or even modern-trial hypnotic. |
ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 returned an empty studies array for DSIP, emideltide, and both quoted peptide-name strings. ChEMBL Phase 2 is not an NCT.
The 2006 mini-review still calls DSIP a still unresolved riddle: gene, protein, and receptor never isolated; sleep-factor hypothesis extremely poorly documented; analogues but not DSIP itself had SWS activity in that group’s early work. (PMID 16539679.)
IUPHAR has no DSIP / emideltide ligand. Graf 1986 left a possible adrenergic mechanism to be established. Receptor assignment is absent.
Opened human work is 1981–1987, IV, n typically 6–18, one investigator network. 1978 activity depended on the alpha-aspartyl isomer. The cited studies do not verify individual SRP lots.
Each card is a single opened record. Historical IV and i.c.v. figures are study conditions, not instructions. No NCT is attached because ClinicalTrials.gov returned 0 studies.
Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram (-sleep)-inducing peptide. Defines the name and the sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (Table 1, MW 849). Synthetic DSIP versus eight analogues/fragments in 58 restrained rabbits including controls; i.c.v.; double-blind; FFT. Only DSIP enhanced neocortical delta (+53.9% time-integral vs controls) and spindles. Authors distinguish MW from Pappenheimer Factor S. Restrained-rabbit, short-observation, i.c.v. experimental model. Not human. Not a receptor paper. PMID 265572. DOI 10.1073/pnas.74.3.1282. PMC 430668.
The delta EEG (sleep)-inducing peptide (DSIP). XI. Amino-acid analysis, sequence, synthesis and activity of the nonapeptide. Sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu from rabbit cerebral-venous dialysate. Synthetic DSIP 6 nmol/kg i.c.v. in 61 rabbits including controls (historical assay condition). Mean delta +35% vs CSF-like solution or eight other peptides. Only the pure alpha-aspartyl peptide is highly active versus the β-Asp isomer. Rabbit. Abstract only for activity numbers. PMID 568769. DOI 10.1007/bf00581575.
Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle. Isolated 1977; sleep link never further characterized; gene, protein, and possible related receptor never isolated; sleep-factor hypothesis extremely poorly documented and still weak; natural occurrence and biological activity still remain obscure. Hypothesis of DSIP-like peptide(s). Authors’ early work: certain artificial DSIP analogues (but not DSIP itself) had significant SWS activity in rabbits and rats. Abstract-based summary. PMID 16539679. DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03693.x.
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review. Nonapeptide MW 849; mainly delta-sleep in rabbits, rats, mice, and humans; in cats REM more pronounced; U-shaped dose and infusion-time curves; DSIP-LI by RIA. Secondary; written while the isolation group’s story was still being built. Extra-sleep claims are a catalog of reports, not a receptor. PMID 6145137. DOI 10.1016/0149-7634(84)90022-8.
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update. Further animal sleep reports; proposed therapeutic evaluation (insomnia, pain, withdrawal); immunohistochemistry/RIA of DSIP-like material; possible mechanism involving modulation of adrenergic transmission remain to be established. Secondary. Does not repair the later Kovalzon critique. PMID 3550726. DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(86)90148-8.
DSIP occurs in free form in mammalian plasma, human CSF and urine. Authors open by saying no definitive evidence had been presented for the natural existence of the free peptide, then report a DSIP-LI peak matching synthetic DSIP. Chromatography + RIA, not gene cloning. PMID 6549071. DOI 10.1016/s0091-3057(84)80016-7.
HPLC shadowing: artifacts in peptide characterization monitored by RIA. DSIP shadowing (standard carry-over) as high as 10% (1% with 125I-Tyr-DSIP). False-positive “endogenous” peaks. Directly limits the 6549071-style identification. PMID 6548808. DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90128-1.
A novel 77-residue peptide from porcine brain contains a leucine-zipper motif and is recognized by an antiserum to delta-sleep-inducing peptide. Sequence of DIP is not related to DSIP. Immunoreactivity ≠ WAGGDASGE. PMID 8375381. DOI 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18160.x.
Delta sleep-inducing peptide in normal humans and in patients with sleep apnea and narcolepsy. Morning plasma DSIP-LI: no significant differences among sleep apnea (n=9), narcolepsy (n=10), and controls (n=11). Authors: single plasma DSIP measures do not appear to be a disease-activity marker in sleep apnea. Measures LI, not proven sequence. PMID 8532601. DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(95)00092-x.
Acute and delayed effects of DSIP on human sleep behavior. 6 healthy volunteers; double-blind crossover; slow IV synthetic DSIP 25 nmol/kg in the morning (historical study condition, not an instruction). Sleep pressure; TST +59% median in 130 min vs placebo; delayed night-sleep shorter onset, less stage 1, better efficiency; no classic sedation. Not a disease trial. No NCT. PMID 6895513.
The influence of synthetic DSIP on disturbed human sleep. 6 middle-aged chronic insomniacs; acute IV 25 nmol/kg (historical study condition). Longer sleep, fewer interruptions, slightly more REM; no daytime sedation; effect up to 6 h; sleep promotion only in the second hour; first hour slight arousal. PMID 7028502. DOI 10.1007/bf01971753.
Effects of DSIP in man. Summary of five human studies from the same group; single and repeated IV; double-blind. Authors report ~1 h latency, duration up to 20 h; “complete normalization” after four consecutive injections in insomniacs. Pooled narrative, not a large RCT. No NCT. PMID 6689058. DOI 10.1159/000117964.
Efficacy of DSIP to normalize sleep in middle-aged and elderly chronic insomniacs. 18 chronic psychophysiological insomniacs; one week 6 × 30 nmol/kg IV (historical study condition) plus follow-up week. Middle-aged vs older. Same investigator. No NCT. PMID 3792404. DOI 10.1159/000116050.
Effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide on 24-hour sleep-wake behaviour in severe chronic insomnia. 14 middle-aged chronic insomniacs; placebo-controlled, double-blind, 7 nights. Authors report improved night sleep and daytime performance. Not independently replicated on an opened modern trial. PMID 3622582. DOI 10.1159/000116143.
DSIP in sleep disturbances. Thin abstract of double-blind insomniac studies plus a narcolepsy single case. Does not add independent n. PMID 3758119. DOI 10.1159/000116097.
The use of DSIP in the correction of phase-shifted insomnia. One 47-year-old woman; delayed-sleep-phase insomnia + low-dose benzodiazepine dependence. Authors report a 5-hour advance of main sleep phase and abrupt flunitrazepam withdrawal. n = 1. Not a withdrawal-drug approval study. PMID 3582201. DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1068167.
Therapeutic effects of DSIP in patients with chronic, pronounced pain episodes. A clinical pilot study. 7 patients (migraine / vasomotor headache, chronic tinnitus, psychogenic pain). Authors: pain lowered in 6 of 7. Pilot. Not a pain-drug trial and not a sleep RCT. PMID 6548970. DOI 10.1159/000115716.
Olygopeptide KND as a putative endogenous prototype of DSIP. KND = WKGGNASGE (K2,N5-DSIP) from a computer hit in JMJD1B. Different sequence. Does not establish WAGGDASGE as endogenous. Not the SRP listing. PMID 24397026. DOI 10.1134/s1068162013030096.
DSIP / emideltide is an investigational laboratory research peptide. It is not an FDA-approved drug for human use. This page is educational. It does not provide dosing, reconstitution, administration, or any human-use instructions.
Simple Research Peptides (SRP) materials are for laboratory research only and are not for human or veterinary use, consumption, administration, diagnosis, treatment, or therapeutic application.
Laboratory identity is the first practical issue. Opened papers and PubChem CID 68816 describe the nonapeptide Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (WAGGDASGE / H-WAGGDASGE-OH; CAS 62568-57-4; UNII YN28Z5YZ73; C35H48N10O15; MW 848.8; INN emideltide). The 1978 characterization states that only the pure alpha-aspartyl peptide is highly active versus the β-Asp isomer. CID 3623358 is a same-formula unspecified-stereo twin, not a second peptide. N-acetyl emideltide (UNII CL985USD2K) is a different record. KND (WKGGNASGE) is a different sequence. Lot-specific identity requires separate analytical support. A method written for melatonin, GHB / sodium oxybate, a benzodiazepine, an orexin antagonist, Factor S, or KND is not automatically valid for this nonapeptide.
Confirm sequence and alpha- vs β-Asp by LC-MS before treating a vial as the literature article. Independently sourced research peptides are not established as equivalent to the 1977 Basel isolation lot or to 1980s clinical IV ampoules. Historical 25–30 nmol/kg IV and 6 nmol/kg i.c.v. figures are study conditions from those papers. They are not a reconstitution scheme and they are not a use guide for an SRP research vial. This page does not reproduce NCATS sample-use language as an instruction.
Biological inference has the same problem. The opened record is a 1977–78 rabbit EEG isolation/synthesis, a 1980s human IV series that was never registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (0 studies), immunoreactivity methods with known artifacts, a 1993 cross-reactive 77-aa protein, and a 2006 review that still calls DSIP an unresolved riddle. That is not a completed sleep-drug program and is not evidence for research-market vials.
The synthetic nonapeptide used in the 1977–78 papers and in public registries is Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (WAGGDASGE; PubChem CID 68816; UNII YN28Z5YZ73; INN emideltide). Whether that sequence is a genuine, gene-encoded human hormone is not established.
No. Melatonin is an indoleamine at MT1/MT2 (IUPHAR ligand 224; targets 287 / 288). GHB/sodium oxybate is a small hydroxy-acid (IUPHAR 4711) with approved products. DSIP is a nine-amino-acid peptide with no IUPHAR ligand.
Not on any opened IUPHAR page. Kovalzon 2006 states that a related receptor was never isolated. PMID 16539679.
That is the open debate. Isolation was from stimulated rabbits. Later “DSIP-LI” measurements used antibodies that can see other molecules (Sillard 1993, PMID 8375381) and HPLC methods that can shadow standards (Fischman 1984, PMID 6548808). Kovalzon 2006 still called natural occurrence obscure. Endogenous WAGGDASGE is not established.
Yes, small ones, mostly 1981–1987, intravenous, n = 6 to 18, largely one Swiss investigator group. Abstracts report sleep improvement. There is no opened ClinicalTrials.gov record and no opened modern independent RCT. That is not the same as an approved hypnotic. No NCT.
Not shown. They used synthetic DSIP given IV at ~25–30 nmol/kg as a historical trial-lot exposure. Those studies do not establish equivalence to an individual SRP lot. 1978 activity depended on the alpha-aspartyl isomer. Those figures are study conditions, not instructions.
No. Emideltide is the INN for this nonapeptide on opened PubChem / NCATS pages. N-acetyl emideltide (UNII CL985USD2K) is a different record.
No. SRP listings are for laboratory research only and are not for human or animal use. This page does not provide reconstitution, administration, or dosing instructions.
The opened record is old, small, and internally contested: a 1977–78 rabbit EEG isolation/synthesis, a 1980s human IV series that was never registered on CT.gov, immunoreactivity methods with known artifacts, a 1993 cross-reactive 77-aa protein, and a 2006 review that still calls DSIP an unresolved riddle. That is not a completed sleep-drug program and is not evidence for research-market vials.
No. NCATS lists emideltide as investigational with unknown approval year. openFDA returned NOT_FOUND. ClinicalTrials.gov returned 0 studies. Not FDA-approved. Research use only.
Different sequence. Mikhaleva et al. 2013 (PMID 24397026) call KND a putative endogenous prototype. Even if that peptide exists, it is not WAGGDASGE and is not this SRP listing.
No. There is no human dosing, reconstitution, or administration protocol on this page. Historical 25–30 nmol/kg IV and 6 nmol/kg i.c.v. figures are study conditions, not instructions. Research use only. Not medical advice. Not for human use.
Scientific papers and registry sources cited in this guide. Last scientific source review: 16 August 2026.
DSIP, emideltide, "delta sleep-inducing peptide", "delta sleep inducing peptide", and query.intr=DSIP (0 studies), opened 16 August 2026. No NCT.Educational information only. DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide; INN emideltide) is a synthetic nonapeptide whose classic sequence is Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu (WAGGDASGE; PubChem CID 68816; CAS 62568-57-4; UNII YN28Z5YZ73; C35H48N10O15; MW 848.8). It is not melatonin, not GHB / sodium oxybate / Xyrem, not a benzodiazepine or Z-drug, not an orexin antagonist, not Factor S, not KND (WKGGNASGE), and not N-acetyl emideltide (UNII CL985USD2K). Endogenous WAGGDASGE is not established. A receptor is not established. Not FDA-approved. ClinicalTrials.gov returned 0 studies; no NCT. Schoenenberger & Monnier 1977 (PMID 265572; PMC 430668) defines the name. Kovalzon 2006 (PMID 16539679) still calls DSIP an unresolved riddle. Historical 25–30 nmol/kg IV and 6 nmol/kg i.c.v. figures are study conditions, not instructions. Laboratory research use only; not for human or animal use. Not medical advice. Not for human use. No human dosing protocol. Last source review: 16 August 2026 (America/Indianapolis). For laboratory research only. Not for human or veterinary use.
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